【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforAssessingtheEnvironmentalandHumanHealthImpactsofNewEnergeticCompounds
【原文标准名称】:评估新型含能化合物对环境和人类健康影响的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME2552-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.02
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:effects;energetics;environment;fate;health;lifecycle
【摘要】:Thepurposeofthisguideistoprovidealogical,tieredapproachinthedevelopmentofenvironmentalhealthcriteriacoincidentwithlevelandeffortintheresearch,development,testing,andevaluationofnewenergeticmaterials.Variouslevelsofuncertaintyareassociatedwithdatacollectedfrompreviousstages.Followingtherecommendationintheguideshouldreducetherelativeuncertaintyofthedatacollectedateachdevelopmentalstage.Ateachstage,ageneralweightofevidencequalifiershallaccompanyeachexposure/effectrelationship.Theymaybesimple(forexample,low,medium,orhighconfidence)orsophisticatedusinganumericalvalueforeachpredictorasamultipliertoascertainrelativeconfidenceineachstepofriskcharacterization.Thespecificmethodusedwilldependonthestageofdevelopment,quantityandavailabilityofdata,variationinthemeasurement,andgeneralknowledgeofthedataset.Sincespecificformulations,conditions,andusescenariosareoftennotknownuntilthelaterstages,exposureestimatescanbedeterminedonlyatadvancedstages(forexample,EngineeringandManufacturingDevelopment;see6.6).Exposuredatacanthenbeusedwithothertoxicologicaldatacollectedfrompreviousstagesinaquantitativeriskassessmenttodeterminetherelativedegreeofhazard.Datadevelopedfromtheuseofthisguidearedesignedtobeconsistentwithcriteriarequiredinweaponsandweaponssystemdevelopment(forexample,programmaticenvironment,safetyandoccupationalhealthevaluations,environmentalassessments/environmentalimpactstatements,toxicityclearances,andtechnicaldatasheets).Informationshallbeevaluatedinaflexiblemannerconsistentwiththeneedsoftheauthorizingprogram.Thisrequirespropercharacterizationofthecurrentproblem.Forexample,compoundsmayberankedrelativetotheenvironmentalcriteriaoftheprospectivealternatives,thereplacementcompound,andwithinboundsofabsoluteenvironmentalvalues.Aweightofevidence(evaluationofuncertaintyandvariability)mustalsobeconsideredwitheachcriterionateachstagetoallowforaproperassessmentofthepotentialforadverseenvironmentaloroccupationaleffects;see6.8.Thisstandardapproachrequiresenvironment,safety,andoccupationalhealth(ESOH)technicalexpertstodeterminetheriskandenergeticmaterialsresearcherstoevaluatetheacceptabilityoftherisk.Generally,thehigherdevelopmentalstagesrequireahighermanageriallevelofapproval.1.1Thisguideisintendedtodeterminetherelativeenvironmentalinfluenceofnewmunitionconstituents,consistentwiththeresearchanddevelopment(Rx0026;D)levelofeffortandisintendedtobeappliedinalogical,tieredmannerthatparallelsboththeavailablefundingandthestageofresearch,development,testing,andevaluation.Specifically,conservativeassumptions,relationships,andmodelsarerecommendedearlyintheresearchstage,andasthemunitiontechnologyismatured,empiricaldatawillbedevelopedandused.Munitionconstituentsmayincludefuels,oxidizers,explosives,binders,stabilizers,metals,dyes,andothercompoundsusedintheformulationtoproduceadesiredeffect.Munitionsystemsrangefromprojectiles,grenades,rockets/missiles,trainingsimulators,smokesandobscurants.Giventhecomplexityofissuesinvolvedintheassessmentofenvironmentalfateandeffectsandthediversityofthemunitionsystemsused,thisguideisbroadinscopeandnotintendedtoaddresseveryfactorthatmaybeimportantinanenvironmentalcontext.Rather,itisintendedtoreduceuncertaintyatminimalcostbyconsideringthemostimportantfactorsrelatedtotheenvironmentalimpactsofenergeticmaterials.Thisguideprovidesamethodforcollectingdatausefulinarelativerankingproceduretoprovidethemuniti......
【中国标准分类号】:Z05
【国际标准分类号】:95_020
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语